Teil 5 African American Experiences

Versklavung

The system of forcing people into slavery and treating them as property.

Enslavement created economic wealth through racial exploitation.

Plantage

A large agricultural estate on which enslaved people were forced to work.

Plantation slavery shaped the economy of the American South.

Abschaffung der Sklaverei

The movement and process of ending slavery.

Abolition did not automatically create racial equality.

Befreiung aus der Sklaverei

The legal freeing of enslaved people.

Emancipation was a decisive legal change.

Reconstruction-Ära

The post-Civil War period in which the United States attempted to rebuild the South and define the rights of formerly enslaved people.

Reconstruction expanded political participation but faced violent resistance.

Rassentrennung

The enforced separation of racial groups in public and private life.

Segregation denied African Americans equal access to institutions.

Jim-Crow-Gesetze

State and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the South.

Jim Crow laws institutionalized racial inequality.

Entzug des Wahlrechts

The prevention of a group from exercising the right to vote.

Poll taxes and literacy tests contributed to disenfranchisement.

Wahlsteuer

A fee used to restrict voting, especially among poor African Americans.

The poll tax was a tool of voter suppression.

Lesetest als Wahlhürde

A test used to prevent African Americans from voting.

Literacy tests were applied in a discriminatory manner.

rassistischer Lynchmord

Extrajudicial killing, often used as racial terror.

Lynching enforced white supremacy through fear.

Ideologie weißer Vorherrschaft

The belief and system that white people should dominate other racial groups.

White supremacy was maintained through violence and law.

Große Migration

The movement of millions of African Americans from the rural South to northern and western cities.

The Great Migration transformed American cities and culture.

Harlem Renaissance

A major flowering of African American literature, music and art in the 1920s and 1930s.

The Harlem Renaissance challenged stereotypes through cultural expression.

Bürgerrechtsbewegung

The broad movement against segregation and racial discrimination, especially in the 1950s and 1960s.

The Civil Rights Movement combined legal action with mass protest.

ziviler Ungehorsam

The deliberate, nonviolent breaking of unjust laws.

Civil disobedience exposed the injustice of segregation.

gewaltfreier Protest

Political action that rejects violence.

Nonviolent protest aimed to gain public support and moral authority.

Boykott

Collective refusal to buy or use a service in order to create pressure.

The bus boycott demonstrated the power of organized resistance.

Sitzblockade/Sitzprotest

A protest in which participants occupy a place and refuse to leave.

Sit-ins challenged segregation in public facilities.

Freedom Rides

Interracial bus journeys used to challenge segregation in interstate travel.

The Freedom Rides exposed resistance to federal desegregation.

Aufhebung der Rassentrennung

The ending of legally enforced racial separation.

School desegregation met strong opposition.

gesellschaftliche Eingliederung

Equal participation in shared institutions.

Legal integration did not remove all social barriers.

Wahlrechte

Legal and practical access to political participation.

Voting rights were a central goal of the movement.

Black-Power-Bewegung

A set of ideas emphasizing self-determination, pride and political power.

Black Power reflected frustration with slow progress.

Selbstbestimmung

The right and ability of a group to control its own future.

Activists linked equality to Black self-determination.

systemischer Rassismus

Racial inequality produced by interconnected institutions and social structures.

Systemic racism can persist without openly racist laws.

institutioneller Rassismus

Discriminatory outcomes created by the rules or practices of institutions.

Institutional racism may affect policing, education and housing.

rassistische Verdachtskontrolle

Targeting people for suspicion based on race or ethnicity.

Racial profiling undermines trust in law enforcement.

Polizeigewalt

Excessive or unjustified force used by police.

Protests have drawn attention to police brutality.

diskriminierende Wohnungs- und Kreditpolitik

The historical practice of denying loans or services to residents of areas associated with racial minorities.

Redlining contributed to long-term residential segregation.

Diskriminierung auf dem Wohnungsmark

Unequal treatment in renting, buying or financing housing.

Housing discrimination has affected wealth accumulation.

Vermögenslücke

A major difference in accumulated assets between groups.

Historical exclusion helped create the racial wealth gap.

massenhafte Inhaftierung

Very high imprisonment rates affecting particular groups disproportionately.

Critics link mass incarceration to structural inequality.

Repräsentation/Darstellung

The presence and portrayal of groups in politics, culture and media.

More complex representation can challenge stereotypes.

Stereotyp

An oversimplified and fixed image of a group.

The novel challenges the stereotype of a single Black experience.

Intersektionalität

The idea that race, gender, class and other identities interact to shape experience.

Intersectionality explains why discrimination affects people differently.

Sprachwechsel je nach sozialem Kontext

Changing language or speech style depending on the situation.

Code-switching may help a character navigate different social spaces.

doppeltes Bewusstsein

The tension of seeing oneself through one's own perspective and through a racist society's gaze.

The character's double consciousness shapes her sense of identity.

Black-Lives-Matter-Bewegung

A movement drawing attention to anti-Black racism and police violence.

Black Lives Matter uses grassroots and digital activism.

Basisaktivismus

Political action organized by local communities rather than only by central leaders.

Grassroots activism can mobilize people who feel ignored.

Amerikanischer Traum

The ideal that hard work and equal opportunity allow social advancement.

The text questions whether the American Dream is equally accessible.

Chancengleichheit

The principle that people should have a fair chance to succeed.

Formal equal opportunity may coexist with structural barriers.

fördernde Maßnahmen gegen Benachteiligung

Policies designed to improve access for groups affected by past or present discrimination.

Affirmative action has been debated as a response to unequal opportunity.

Wiedergutmachungsleistungen

Measures intended to address historical injustice and its continuing effects.

The debate about reparations concerns responsibility and fairness.

Widerstandskraft

The ability to survive, adapt and continue despite hardship.

African American literature often emphasizes resilience.

Stärkung/Selbstermächtigung

The process of gaining power, confidence and control.

Cultural expression can create empowerment.

rassistische Ungleichheit überwindende Gerechtigkeit

Fair treatment and the removal of racial inequality.

Racial justice requires both legal rights and institutional change.